Vertical boiler



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M. ZIER.

VERTICAL BOILER.- No. 585,898. I Patnted July 6, 1897. fifl LL jnwerflfw? Flue/me! Zwr.

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VERTICAL BOILER.

No. 585,898. Patented July 6,1897.

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NTTED STATES MICHAEL ZIER, OF NEW ALBANY, INDIANA.

VERTICAL BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 585,898, dated July 6, 1897.

Application filed March 8 1 8 9 '7.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MICHAEL ZIER, acitizen of the United States, residing at New Albany, in the county of Floyd and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vertical Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates particularly to vertical boilers, and has for its object to improve the construction of the same, with a View of obtaining the greatest possible amount of heat-radiating surface exposed to the watercontaining compartments, thus obtaining the greatest economy and rapidity in the steamgenerating action.

To the ends above noted myinvention consists of the novel devices and combinations of devices hereinafter described, and defined in the claims. l

The preferred form of my invention and also a modification of the same are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein, like characters indicating like parts throughout the several views Figure 1 is a view, principally in transverse vertical section, taken centrally through the preferred form of my improved boiler and stack connection therefrom, but with some parts shown in full. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken substantially on the line X X of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the boiler, taken on the line X X of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on the line X X of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken on the line X X of Fig. 3; and Fig. 6 is a central vertical section through a portion of a boiler which in its main features of construction is similar to that of my preferred form, but is modified in certain details, some parts of said boiler being broken away.

It indicates a fire-box, which, as shown, is cylindrical in form, is closed at its upper end by a flue-sheet c, is provided with an ordinary grate a and projects below said grate to form an ash pit-or chamber a Preferably the fire-box d is supported by a small brick foundation The combustion-cham- Serial No. 626,400. (No model.)

ber proper is located a considerable distance above the fire-box a and is in communication therewith through vertical draft flues 01' tubes. Preferably this combustion-chamber is in the form of a truncated conical vessel 0%, positioned small end upward, with its larger lower end in com municationwith the fire-box a through the series of vertical lines Q The small upper end of the conical combustion-chamber a is closed by means of a removable dome-like head a. A fusible plug a is screw-threaded through a suitable seat in the cap a, for a purpose which will hereinafter appear.

1') indicates a thin metallic case or shell which surrounds and incloses the fire-box a,

the flues a and the combustion-chamber a.

As shown, the main body of this case or shell I) is cylindrical in form, while the base of the same flares slightly, and its upper portion is reduced on ataper, so as to run approximately parallel to the walls of the combustion-cham ber (36*, thus forming a water-jacketing chamber around the said parts a, a and a Secured to and opening from the upper end of the water-jacketing case b is an expanded drum-like shell 17, which constitutes what I may term the steam-chamber. The upper head of the drum or steam-chamber b is provided with a centrally-located manhole, which is normally closed by means of an ordinary manhole-cover and clamp b 19 As shown, said drum 1) is also provided with a hand-hole in one side, which is normally closed by means of a removable cover 73 and clamp 6 The shell or case b is also shown as provided with several laterally-opening hand-holes, which are normally closed by means of removable covers U and clamps 19 The fuel is introduced into the fire-boX a through a door-opening formed through a thimble-like casting b which is secured with water-tight joints between said shell b and the shell of said fire-box a. The opening through this thimble b is adapted to be opened and closed by means of an ordinary hinged door I)". cylindrical port-ion of the shell I) a slight distance above the flue-sheet a is a conical deflector Z9 the periphery of which terminates short of the walls of said shell b and is secured Rigidly secured within the IOO thereto by means of bracket-irons Z). All of the draft or fire flues a pass through this conical deflector Z7 Preferably the apex or center of the conical deflector 'b is perforated or cut away, as shown at Z), to permit the free circulation of the water contained in the shell or casing Z7 under the action of convection, as will later more fully appear.

The steam is drawn off from the steamchamber Z) through a pipe 0, which terminates within said steam-chamber in an annular finely-perforated nozzle or receiving-section 0.

A multiplicity of short pipe -sections a open through the parallel wall portions of the conical combustion-chamber a and shell or casing Z).

A cylindrical double-walled water-jacketiug chamber f is spaced apart from and secured around the cylindrical and conical portions of the shell I) and the lower portion of the drum 1), so as to form a supplemental or secondary combustion -chamber 9 between said water-jacket f and said parts Z) and b. The lower extremities of the water-jacket f and of the supplemental combustion-chamber g are tightly closed by means of annular bottom pieces f and g, respectively. The

upper extremities of the walls of the waterjacket f are pressed together and secured with a steam-tight joint, and the annular opening between the same and the exterior of the drum Z) is tightly closed by means of an annular top 9 which may be made of any suitable material, but is preferably constructed of fire-clay. The annular bottom g of the supplemental combustion-chamber is provided with a series of hand openings or holes which are normally tightly closed by means of removable plugs or covers 9 Between the lower portion of the water jacketing chamber f and the interior of the cylindrical portion of the case or shell I) a series of short radial pipes f open communication, and in like manner between the upper portion of said water-j acketing chamber f and the interior of the steam-chamber or drum b a series of radial pipe-sections f open communication. As shown, the outer shell of the water-jacketing chamber f is perforated or provided with a hand-hole in line with each of the pipe-sections f and f which handholes are normally closed by means of removable plugs or covers f and clamps f As shown, the water-jacketing chamber f is also provided with a pair of diametrically opposite manholes f which are normally tightly closed by means of removable covers f Access is also afforded to the interior of the combustion-chamber a through a suitable manhole formed in ahorizontal tube or thimble section f which forms an opening through both Walls of said water-jacket through the shell I), and through the shell of said chamber a Normally the outer extremity of the manhole or thimble section f is tightly closed by means of a removable cover f By reference to Fig. 1 it will be noted that the shell or casing 12 is provided with a laterally-proj ectin g thimble portion 19 which is spaced apart from and surrounds the thimble-section f The products of combustion are drawn from the supplemental combustion chamber 9 through a double-walled thimble portion f which opens laterally through the lower portion of one side of the water-jacketing chamber f and opens into a lateral extension 76 of a smoke-stack 7a. This smoke-stack forms no part of my invention and may be of any suitable construction. As shown, it is provided with a damper k above the lateral projection 7t and with a door below the same.

19 and 19 indicate a pair of blow-off pipes which open into the bottom of the annular water-chamber formed between the base of the shell Z) and the exterior of the fire-box a. As shown, these pipes 19 and 19 open at points diametrically opposite to each other, and one of the same is either in communication or adapted for communication with a source of steam-supply under pressure, while the other of said pipes extends to some suitable point of exhaust. Both of the said pipes should be provided with valves. (Not shown.)

In the construction illustrated in Fig. 6 the details of the boiler are substantially identical with the construction above described, with the following exceptions: The smokestack (shown at 1") has its base secured directly on the top of the drum or steam-chamber 19. Steam is drawn off from the steamchamber 1) through a pipe 7*, which opens through the central portion of the upper head of said chamber or drum, 1) and extends horizontally through the stack: 4. Tater communication between the interior of the chamber or drum b and the upper portion of the annular water-jacketing chamber fis afforded through an elbow-pipe I, while water commu+ nication is in a similar manner afforded between the lower portion of said water-jacketing chamber f and the interior of the shell or casing Z) through an elbow-pipe t, and the products of combustion from the secondary or supplemental combustion-chamber g pass directly to the face of the stack r through a multiplicity of vertical fire-fines w, which are passed through the steam-chamber or drum 1). In this construction the products of combustion in passing through the flues to serve to superheat the steam within said steamchamber. 3 indicates water contained in the water-jacketing chamber f, the shell or case b, and the lower portion of the drum or steamchamber Z). This column of water should be kept at substantially the altitude illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, and should always be kept above the radial pipe-sections f 3 and the fusible plug a in the top of the combustionchamber a. A suitable water gage (not shown) may be employed for indicating the altitude of this column of water. Preferably IIO in very thin columns or sheets.

of asbetos, wood, or other suitable heat-insulating material (not shown) for preventing the radiation and waste of heat.

The action of the above-described boiler is substantially as follows: The combustion will of course commence in the fire-box a, from whence the products of combustion will pass upward through the vertical fire-fl ues a into the main combustion-chamber a. WVithin the combustion-chamber a the finely-divided ignited streams of the combustible gases will be reunited and commingled together, thus greatly intensifying the combustion within this chamber. From the combustion-charm ber a the combustible gases, which by this time have been nearly but not completely consumed, pass outward through the radial pipesections a into the secondary or supplemental combustion-chamber g.

In the form of the device illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, the products of combustion within the supplemental combustion-chamber g are subjected to a downdraft, and, after circulating within said supplemental chamber, are drawn off through the lateral extensions f and 7.0 and through the smokestack 7.3.

As already indicated in the construction illustrated in Fig. 6, the products of combustion are drawn from the supplemental combustion-chamber 9 through the vertical pipesection to in the steam-chamber 1) into the stack In both of the constructions above described it is obvious that an extremely large amount of heatradiating surface is exposed to the water which is to be heated or converted into steam and that the said water is distributed or exposed to these heat-radiating surfaces It is also thought to be evident that in virtue of this construction the water will be very rapidly heated and converted into steam and that the maximum heating efficiency of the fuel is thereby effected, thereby giving an extremely economical and efficient boiler. The water which is thus heated is free to circulate from the various water-containing compartments or vessels through the radial pipe-sections f and f under the action of convection.

The impurities or sediment from the water contained in the shell or case Z) will fall onto the conical deflector b by which they will be deflected and caused to fall into the annular compartment formed around the exterior of the fire-box a. By this means the sediment is prevented from falling onto the flue-sheet a, which is exposed to the direct action of heat. If allowed to fall onto this flue-sheet, the sediment would tend to burn or adhere thereto, which would obviously be very objectionable.

If by any reason the water should be allowed to lower below the fusible plug a this plug will readily melt, thus permitting the escape of steam into the combustion-chamber a, and from thence both into the fire-box and out through the smoke-stack. The steam which is discharged into the fire-box will tend to put the fire out, while all of the steam which escapes through the opening formed by the melting of the plug a will reduce the steam-pressure and prevent an explosion.

It will be understood, of course, that the specific details of construction above described may be considerably deviated from without departing from the spirit of my invention.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

1. A boiler comprising a primary combustion-chamber, a water-jacketing chamber incasing said primary combustion-chamber, a secondary or supplemental combustion-chamber surrounding said water-jacketing chamber and in communication with said primary combustion-chamber, and an exterior waterjacketing chamber surrounding said secondary combustion-chamber and in communication with the aforesaid water-jacketing chamber, substantially as described.

2. A boiler comprising a primary combustion-chamber, a Water-jacketing chamber incasingsaid primary combustion-chamber and terminating above the same in a steam-chamber, a secondary or supplemental combustion-chamber surrounding said water-jacketing chamber and in communication with said primary combustion-chamber,and an exterior water-jacketing chamber surrounding'said secondary combustion-chamber and in communication with the aforesaid water-jacketing chamber, substantially as described.

3. In a vertical boiler, the combination with a firebox, of a primary combustion-chamber positioned above the same and in communication therewith, through a multiplicity of vertical draft-fines, a watenjacketing chamber incasing said parts and terminating at its upper end in a steam-chamber, a secondary or supplemental combustion-chamber surrounding said water-jacketing chamber and in communication with said primarycombustion-chamber, and an exterior water jacketing chamber surrounding said secondary combustion-chamber and in communication with the aforesaid water-jacketing chamber, substantiallyas described.

4.-. In a vertical boiler, the combination with a firebox, of a combustionchamber positioned above the same and in communication therewith through a multiplicity of vertical fiues, a water-jacketing chamber surrounding said parts and extended at its upper end to form a steam chest or chamber, a secondary or supplemental combustion-chamber surrounding portions of said water-jacketing chamber and steam-chest, communicating passages between said combustion-chambers, an exterior water-jacketing chamber surrounding said supplemental combustionchamber, and communicating passages between said exterior water-jacketing chamber and said steam-chamber and inside Water-jacketing chamber, substantially as described.

5. In a vertical boiler, the combination with a fire-box and Vertical draft-fines rising therefrom, of the conical deflector 12 submerged Within the boiler and supported above the flue-sheet thereof, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. In avertical boiler, the combination with a fire-box and vertical draft-fines rising therefrom, of the conical deflector 19 supported above the flue-sheet thereof and provided at its center or apex with the perforation Z9 substantially as and for the purposes I set fort-h.

In testimony whereof I affiX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

MICHAEL ZIER.

Witnesses:

LAFAYETTE FREDERICK, JAooB ROTHWEILER. 

